Mantra:Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) facilitates implementation of QoS on the New Radio (NR) interface in 5G.Brief Explanation:Like LTE, the NR radio protocol stack utilizes protocols such as Physical (PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Radio Resource Control (RRC). NR significantly enhances some of these protocols […]
Read MoreMantra: A 5G gNB can be decomposed into two logical components, gNB-CU and gNB-DU.Brief Explanation. In 5G, the next-generation Node B (gNB) and the User Equipment (UE) communicate with each other using the New Radio (NR) air interface protocol stack. The gNB can be decomposed into gNB-Central Unit (gNB-CU) and gNB-Distributed Unit (gNB-DU). The gNB-CU […]
Read MoreMantra: 5G NG-RAN consists of gNBs that utilize NR air interface and even ng-eNBs that utilize LTE air interface but connect to the 5GC.Brief Explanation:Formally, the 5G System (5GS) includes the User Equipment (UE), Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN), and the 5G Core (5GC) (also known as Next-Generation Core (NGC)). A typical NG-RAN consists of […]
Read MoreMantra:ITU has defined three usage scenarios for 5G services: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. Please visit https://thewirelessuniversity.com for past Mantras!Brief Explanation: 5G can offer amazing new services (e.g., holograms and factory automation) or enhance traditional services (e.g., video streaming and video calls) on a massive scale. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined usage scenarios such as enhanced Mobile […]
Read MoreMantra: 5G aims to support the connection density of a million IoT devices per square kilometer.Visit https://thewirelessuniversity.com for all past Mantras!Brief Explanation:One of the three usage scenarios for 5G is massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). Many IoT devices such as smart water meters and smart sensors generate very little amounts of data and are delay-tolerant. 5G […]
Read MoreMantra: 5G supports the radio network latency of as little as 1 ms.Brief Explanation: According to the ITU’s IMT-2020 requirements, the radio network is not expected to add more than 1 ms of latency to the end-to-end latency. For reference, the 4G performance requirements aim for 10 ms radio network latency. This significant latency reduction […]
Read MoreMantra: 5G aims for the peak data rate of 20 Gbps.Brief Explanation:According to ITU’s IMT-2020 requirements, 5G needs to support the peak data rate of at least 10 Gbps and even 20 Gbps in some cases. It would be a while before we experience such data rate in practice. Key factors that contribute to such […]
Read MoreMantra: 5G is the fifth-generation cellular technology with unprecedented performance capabilities and flexibility and aims to offer amazing services on a massive scale. Brief Explanation:3GPP has defined 5G that can meet ITU’s performance requirements for IMT-2020. 5G utilizes flexible and efficient New Radio air interface, virtualization-friendly and service-based radio and core networks, Network Slicing, Multi-access […]
Read MoreMantra: 3GPP has defined 5G Phase 1 in Release 15 and has been working on 5G Phase 2 in Release 16. Explanation: To accelerate time-to-market, 3GPP adopted divide-and-conquer approach and has worked on 5G specification in phases. 5G Phase 1 has been fully defined in Release 15 with support for NSA NR with the EPC […]
Read MoreMantra:Two popular architecture options for 5G deployments are Non-Standalone New Radio (NSA NR) with the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Standalone NR (SA NR) with the 5G Core (5GC).Brief Explanation:In the NSA NR with the EPC architecture, the 5G UE can simultaneously do data transfer with the LTE Master eNB and 5G Secondary gNB. Furthermore, […]
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